Tab.1.7.2,,,,,,
,,,,,,
"R&D personnel, by sex, sectors of employment and personnel groups, based on full-time equivalents",,,,,,
,,,,,,
,,,"Personnel, total",Of which in the Business enterprise sector 1),Of which in the Higher education sector,Of which in the Government sector
Category,Year,Sex,Number,Number,Number,Number
R&D personnel,2001,Total,480606,307257,101443,71906
R&D personnel,2001,Female,121132,58337,36990,25805
R&D personnel,2001,Male,359474,248920,64453,46101
R&D personnel,2002,Total,480004,302600,104714,72690
R&D personnel,2002,Female,m,m,38063,26221
R&D personnel,2002,Male,m,m,66651,46469
R&D personnel,2003,Total,472532,298072,100593,73867
R&D personnel,2003,Female,119740,55145,37294,27301
R&D personnel,2003,Male,352792,242927,63299,46566
R&D personnel,2004,Total,470729,298549,96092,76088
R&D personnel,2004,Female,m,m,44167,28634
R&D personnel,2004,Male,m,m,51925,47454
R&D personnel,2005,Total,475278,304502,94522,76254
R&D personnel,2005,Female,122161,55905,38082,28174
R&D personnel,2005,Male,353117,248597,56440,48080
R&D personnel,2006,Total,487935,312145,97433,78357
R&D personnel,2006,Female,m,m,40110,29388
R&D personnel,2006,Male,m,m,57323,48969
R&D personnel,2007,Total,506450,321853,103953,80644
R&D personnel,2007,Female,132716,59326,42954,30436
R&D personnel,2007,Male,373734,262527,60999,50208
R&D personnel,2008,Total,523504,332909,107529,83066
R&D personnel,2008,Female,m,m,45270,31623
R&D personnel,2008,Male,m,m,62259,51443
R&D personnel,2009,Total,534975,332491,115851,86633
R&D personnel,2009,Female,143554,62067,48341,33146
R&D personnel,2009,Male,391422,270424,67511,53487
R&D personnel,2010,Total,548723,337211,120981,90531
R&D personnel,2010,Female,m,m,50220,35201
R&D personnel,2010,Male,m,m,70761,55330
R&D personnel,2011,Total,575100,357129,124308,93663
R&D personnel,2011,Female,157440,68896,52040,36504
R&D personnel,2011,Male,417660,288233,72268,57159
R&D personnel,2012,Total,591261,367478,127900,95882
R&D personnel,2012,Female,m,m,53753,37618
R&D personnel,2012,Male,m,m,74148,58264
R&D personnel,2013,Total,588615,360375,130079,98161
R&D personnel,2013,Female,162874,67931,56012,38931
R&D personnel,2013,Male,425741,292444,74067,59230
R&D personnel,2014,Total,605253,371706,132542,101005
R&D personnel,2014,Female,m,m,57078,40493
R&D personnel,2014,Male,m,m,75463,60512
R&D personnel,2015,Total,640515,404767,134032,101717
R&D personnel,2015,Female,174462,75372,58200,40891
R&D personnel,2015,Male,466053,329395,75832,60826
R&D personnel,2016,Total,657894,413027,141661,103206
R&D personnel,2016,Female,m,m,60640,41748
R&D personnel,2016,Male,m,m,81021,61457
R&D personnel,2017,Total,686349,436571,143753,106025
R&D personnel,2017,Female,185881,81148,61572,43160
R&D personnel,2017,Male,500468,355423,82180,62865
R&D personnel,2018,Total,707704,451057,147160,109487
R&D personnel,2018,Female,m,m,63634,44888
R&D personnel,2018,Male,m,m,83526,64598
R&D personnel,2019,Total,735584,475676,147316,112592
R&D personnel,2019,Female,198483,88177,64054,46252
R&D personnel,2019,Male,537101,387499,83261,66341
R&D personnel,2020,Total,733831,467444,151692,114695
R&D personnel,2020,Female,m,m,66741,47787
R&D personnel,2020,Male,m,m,84951,66908
R&D personnel,2021,Total,753940,478129,156543,119268
R&D personnel,2021,Female,210676,90460,70411,49805
R&D personnel,2021,Male,543264,387669,86132,69463
R&D personnel,2022,Total,785420,505253,159261,120907
R&D personnel,2022,Female,m,m,72933,50763
R&D personnel,2022,Male,m,m,86328,70144
  Of which researchers,2001,Total,264385,157836,67962,38587
  Of which researchers,2001,Female,42588,18544,15224,8820
  Of which researchers,2001,Male,221797,139292,52738,29767
  Of which researchers,2002,Total,265912,155540,71292,39080
  Of which researchers,2002,Female,m,m,16367,9176
  Of which researchers,2002,Male,m,m,54925,29904
  Of which researchers,2003,Total,268942,161980,68243,38719
  Of which researchers,2003,Female,43855,18035,16162,9658
  Of which researchers,2003,Male,225087,143945,52081,29061
  Of which researchers,2004,Total,270642,162232,65764,42646
  Of which researchers,2004,Female,m,m,20209,11166
  Of which researchers,2004,Male,m,m,45555,31480
  Of which researchers,2005,Total,272148,166874,65363,39911
  Of which researchers,2005,Female,46937,18284,18273,10380
  Of which researchers,2005,Male,225211,148590,47090,29531
  Of which researchers,2006,Total,279822,171063,67273,41486
  Of which researchers,2006,Female,m,m,19990,11191
  Of which researchers,2006,Male,m,m,47283,30295
  Of which researchers,2007,Total,290855,174309,72985,43561
  Of which researchers,2007,Female,55405,20846,22458,12101
  Of which researchers,2007,Male,235450,153463,50527,31460
  Of which researchers,2008,Total,302643,180297,77004,45342
  Of which researchers,2008,Female,m,m,24588,13001
  Of which researchers,2008,Male,m,m,52416,32341
  Of which researchers,2009,Total,317307,183214,84852,49241
  Of which researchers,2009,Female,65258,22961,27548,14749
  Of which researchers,2009,Male,252049,160253,57304,34492
  Of which researchers,2010,Total,327996,185815,90398,51783
  Of which researchers,2010,Female,m,m,29871,15779
  Of which researchers,2010,Male,m,m,60527,36004
  Of which researchers,2011,Total,338692,190696,93811,54185
  Of which researchers,2011,Female,74766,26485,31585,16696
  Of which researchers,2011,Male,263925,164211,62225,37489
  Of which researchers,2012,Total,352419,199623,97199,55597
  Of which researchers,2012,Female,m,m,33181,17571
  Of which researchers,2012,Male,m,m,64018,38026
  Of which researchers,2013,Total,354463,198585,99123,56755
  Of which researchers,2013,Female,80353,27136,35064,18153
  Of which researchers,2013,Male,274110,171449,64059,38602
  Of which researchers,2014,Total,351923,198076,100992,52854
  Of which researchers,2014,Female,m,m,35759,16881
  Of which researchers,2014,Male,m,m,65234,35973
  Of which researchers,2015,Total,387982,230823,103148,54011
  Of which researchers,2015,Female,87761,32926,37360,17475
  Of which researchers,2015,Male,300222,197897,65788,36537
  Of which researchers,2016,Total,399605,235758,109877,53971
  Of which researchers,2016,Female,m,m,39380,17576
  Of which researchers,2016,Male,m,m,70497,36395
  Of which researchers,2017,Total,419617,252759,112143,54715
  Of which researchers,2017,Female,94750,36035,40462,18253
  Of which researchers,2017,Male,324867,216724,71681,36462
  Of which researchers,2018,Total,433685,261634,114868,57183
  Of which researchers,2018,Female,m,m,42040,19426
  Of which researchers,2018,Male,m,m,72828,37757
  Of which researchers,2019,Total,450697,276964,114512,59221
  Of which researchers,2019,Female,102453,40101,42026,20325
  Of which researchers,2019,Male,348245,236863,72486,38896
  Of which researchers,2020,Total,450796,272171,117638,60988
  Of which researchers,2020,Female,m,m,43851,21345
  Of which researchers,2020,Male,m,m,73787,39643
  Of which researchers,2021,Total,461645,277043,120901,63701
  Of which researchers,2021,Female,111418,42462,46361,22595
  Of which researchers,2021,Male,350227,234581,74540,41106
  Of which researchers,2022,Total,486011,298163,123388,64460
  Of which researchers,2022,Female,m,m,48639,23201
  Of which researchers,2022,Male,m,m,74749,41259
,,,,,,
"Source: Federal Statistical Office, special evaluation; German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, calculations; Stifterverband Wissenschaftsstatistik, special evaluation",,,,,,
This table also appears in the Federal Report on Research and Innovation as Table 16.,,,,,,
,,,,,,
Notes:,,,,,,
"1) In even-numbered years, the distribution to personnel groups is estimated, among other things, on the basis of the previous year. Rounding differences.",,,,,,
,,,,,,
m = data not available.,,,,,,
,,,,,,
"Results of the ICE-BMBF's ICE-Database of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (ICE = Information, Controlling, Entscheidung)",,,,,,
"A system of the German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), http://www.dzhw.eu/en/index_html",,,,,,
,,,,,,
"Last update: January 28, 2025",,,,,,
,,,,,,
This work is licensed under a Data licence Germany attribution 2.0.,,,,,,
(https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0),,,,,,